Siberia

• Siberia

60:1.12The ma­rine life of this pe­riod was mea­ger but im­proved rapidly with the new in­va­sion of the sea, which again pro­duced ex­ten­sive coast lines of shal­low wa­ters. Since there was more shal­low wa­ter around Eu­rope and Asia, the rich­est fos­sil beds are to be found about these con­ti­nents. To­day, if you would study the life of this age, ex­am­ine the Hi­malayan, Siberian, and Med­i­ter­ra­nean re­gions, as well as In­dia and the is­lands of the south­ern Pa­cific basin. A promi­nent fea­ture of the ma­rine life was the pres­ence of hosts of the beau­ti­ful am­monites, whose fos­sil re­mains are found all over the world.

• connected to Alaska

60:1.13130,000,000 years ago the seas had changed very lit­tle. Siberia and North Amer­ica were con­nected by the Bering Strait land bridge. A rich and unique ma­rine life ap­peared on the Cal­i­for­nian Pa­cific coast, where over one thou­sand species of am­monites de­vel­oped from the higher types of ceph­a­lop­ods. The life changes of this pe­riod were in­deed rev­o­lu­tion­ary not­with­stand­ing that they were tran­si­tional and grad­ual.

• Siberia

60:3.15This was an age of vol­canic ac­tiv­ity all over the world, giv­ing rise to nu­mer­ous small iso­lated vol­canic cones. Sub­ma­rine vol­ca­noes broke out in the sub­merged Hi­malayan re­gion. Much of the rest of Asia, in­clud­ing Siberia, was also still un­der wa­ter.

• Siberia

61:7.1Through­out the glacial pe­riod other ac­tiv­i­ties were in prog­ress, but the ac­tion of the ice over­shad­ows all other phe­nom­ena in the north­ern lat­i­tudes. No other ter­res­trial ac­tiv­ity leaves such char­ac­ter­is­tic ev­i­dence on the to­pog­ra­phy. The dis­tinc­tive boul­ders and sur­face cleav­ages, such as pot­holes, lakes, dis­placed stone, and rock flour, are to be found in con­nec­tion with no other phe­nom­e­non in na­ture. The ice is also re­spon­si­ble for those gen­tle swells, or sur­face un­du­la­tions, known as drum­lins. And a glacier, as it ad­vances, dis­places rivers and changes the whole face of the earth. Glaciers alone leave be­hind them those tell­tale drifts—the ground, lat­eral, and ter­mi­nal moraines. These drifts, par­tic­u­larly the ground moraines, ex­tend from the east­ern seaboard north and west­ward in North Amer­ica and are found in Eu­rope and Siberia.

61:7.2750,000 years ago the fourth ice sheet, a union of the North Amer­i­can cen­tral and east­ern ice fields, was well on its way south; at its height it reached to south­ern Illi­nois, dis­plac­ing the Mis­sis­sippi River fifty miles to the west, and in the east it ex­tended as far south as the Ohio River and cen­tral Penn­syl­va­nia.

61:7.3In Asia the Siberian ice sheet made its south­ern­most in­va­sion, while in Eu­rope the ad­vanc­ing ice stopped just short of the moun­tain bar­rier of the Alps.

• Siberia

64:4.5In these times the Siberian glacier was mak­ing its south­ern­most march, com­pelling early man to move south­ward, back to­ward the lands of his ori­gin. But the hu­man species had so dif­fer­en­ti­ated that the dan­ger of fur­ther min­gling with its non­pro­gres­sive simian rel­a­tives was greatly less­ened.

• red race left imprint

64:6.5About eighty-five thou­sand years ago the com­par­a­tively pure rem­nants of the red race went en masse across to North Amer­ica, and shortly there­after the Bering land isth­mus sank, thus iso­lat­ing them. No red man ever re­turned to Asia. But through­out Siberia, China, cen­tral Asia, In­dia, and Eu­rope they left be­hind much of their stock blended with the other col­ored races.

• Siberians were Andonites; assimilated much red stock

79:5.6One hun­dred thou­sand years ago the dec­i­mated tribes of the red race were fight­ing with their backs to the re­treat­ing ice of the last glacier, and when the land pas­sage to the West, over the Bering isth­mus, be­came pass­able, these tribes were not slow in for­sak­ing the in­hos­pitable shores of the Asi­atic con­ti­nent. It is eighty-five thou­sand years since the last of the pure red men de­parted from Asia, but the long strug­gle left its ge­netic im­print upon the vic­to­ri­ous yel­low race. The north­ern Chi­nese peo­ples, to­gether with the An­don­ite Siberi­ans, as­sim­i­lated much of the red stock and were in con­sid­er­able mea­sure ben­e­fited thereby.

• yellow race drove Andonites into

79:6.1Some­time af­ter driv­ing the red man across to North Amer­ica, the ex­pand­ing Chi­nese cleared the An­don­ites from the river val­leys of east­ern Asia, push­ing them north into Siberia and west into Tur­kes­tan, where they were soon to come in con­tact with the su­pe­rior cul­ture of the And­ites.

• Siberia

80:3.6The blue men were hunters, fish­ers, and food gath­er­ers; they were ex­pert boat­builders. They made stone axes, cut down trees, erected log huts, partly be­low ground and roofed with hides. And there are peo­ples who still build sim­i­lar huts in Siberia. The south­ern Cro-Magnons gen­er­ally lived in caves and grot­toes.

• Andites arrived in Europe from

80:4.1While the And­ites poured into Eu­rope in a steady stream, there were seven ma­jor in­va­sions, the last ar­rivals com­ing on horse­back in three great waves. Some en­tered Eu­rope by way of the is­lands of the Aegean and up the Danube val­ley, but the ma­jor­ity of the ear­lier and purer strains mi­grated to north­west­ern Eu­rope by the north­ern route across the graz­ing lands of the Volga and the Don.

80:4.2Be­tween the third and fourth in­va­sions a horde of An­don­ites en­tered Eu­rope from the north, hav­ing come from Siberia by way of the Rus­sian rivers and the Baltic. They were im­me­di­ately as­sim­i­lated by the north­ern And­ite tribes.