oxen

• oxen

61:3.5The first deer ap­peared, and North Amer­ica was soon over­run by ru­mi­nants—deer, oxen, camels, bi­son, and sev­eral species of rhinoceroses—but the gi­ant pigs, more than six feet tall, be­came ex­tinct.

• used for burden bearing in days of Prince’s staff

66:5.5Sev­eral types of use­ful an­i­mals, now ex­tinct, were tamed, to­gether with some that have con­tin­ued as do­mes­ti­cated an­i­mals to the pres­ent day. Man had long lived with the dog, and the blue man had al­ready been suc­cess­ful in tam­ing the ele­phant. The cow was so im­proved by care­ful breed­ing as to be­come a valu­able source of food; but­ter and cheese be­came com­mon ar­ti­cles of hu­man diet. Men were taught to use oxen for bur­den bear­ing, but the horse was not do­mes­ti­cated un­til a later date. The mem­bers of this corps first taught men to use the wheel for the fa­cil­i­ta­tion of trac­tion.

• domesticated by 5000 B.C.

81:2.12The And­ites of Tur­kes­tan were the first peo­ples to ex­ten­sively do­mes­ti­cate the horse, and this is an­other rea­son why their cul­ture was for so long pre­dom­i­nant. By 5000 B.C. the Mes­o­po­ta­mian, Tur­kes­tan, and Chi­nese farm­ers had be­gun the rais­ing of sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and ele­phants. They em­ployed as beasts of bur­den the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was him­self at one time the beast of bur­den. One ruler of the blue race once had one hun­dred thou­sand men in his colony of bur­den bear­ers.

• long struggle to substitute o. for men

81:6.21In the early days the only en­ergy ap­plied to land cul­ti­va­tion was man power. It was a long strug­gle to sub­sti­tute oxen for men since this threw men out of em­ploy­ment. Lat­terly, ma­chines have be­gun to dis­place men, and ev­ery such ad­vance is di­rectly con­trib­u­tory to the prog­ress of so­ci­ety be­cause it lib­er­ates man power for the ac­com­plish­ment of more valu­able tasks.